• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a mobile hot air oven (2) comprising a combustion chamber (4) and a heat exchanger (6). Reliable and easy transportation of solid fuel can be achieved when the solid fuel suction conveyor has a solid fuel suction conveyor (46, 124) (46, 124) with an air circulation system including a solid fuel receiving unit (48), a solid fuel separator (72) and a vacuum unit (50) for generating a negative pressure for a pneumatic transport of solid fuel (12) through a part of the air circulation system.
    公开号:AT15519U1
    申请号:TGM142/2015U
    申请日:2015-06-05
    公开日:2017-11-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Lasco Heutechnik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: The invention relates to a mobile hot air oven with a combustion chamber and a heat exchanger.
    A mobile hot air oven can be used for hay drying, for drying a building, for heating a tent or a building or for similar purposes. For this purpose, the hot air oven is driven to its place of use, parked there and put into operation. After the end of the planned operation, the hot air oven is returned to a warehouse or to a new location. For operation, solid fuel is burned in the combustion chamber, with the heat released being supplied with the flue gas to a heat exchanger. To cool the heat exchanger, it can be traversed by a cooling air flow, which dissipates the heat from the heat exchanger and passes in an air flow into the building, the tent, a Heutrocknungsraum or the like.
    To operate the mobile hot air oven at changing locations this must each be connected to a solid fuel storage located there, so that the solid fuel from the solid fuel storage can be promoted in the hot air oven. Such a fuel delivery is done with the solid fuel conveying system with, for example, a screw conveyor.
    It is an object of the present invention to provide a mobile hot air oven, which is easily loaded with solid fuel over a long distance.
    This object is achieved by a mobile hot air oven of the type mentioned, which has a Brennstoffsaugförderanlage according to the invention. The fuel suction conveyor suitably comprises an air circulation system having a solid fuel intake unit, a solid fuel separator and a negative pressure unit for generating a negative pressure for a pneumatic transport of solid fuel through a part of the air circulation system. By pneumatic conveying the solid fuel, in particular pellets, wood chips or the like, can be transported particularly easily and reliably over longer distances.
    The mobile hot air oven can be used for heating rooms, an entire building, a tent or the like. It is also suitable for generating process heat, e.g. for the drying of agricultural goods, such as hay, corn, animal feed, as well as for heating paint shops and the like.
    The solid fuel receiving unit may be a catch tank having at least one opening for sucking fuel from a fuel bearing, which is arranged in particular over the opening. The fuel may thus fall down from the fuel storage through the opening into the collection container. If necessary, this can be assisted by sucking in the fuel by means of a negative pressure prevailing in the catch container relative to the fuel bearing. However, the solid fuel intake unit may also be designed without a container, for example as a sowing trunk in a fuel storage, in particular connected to a blower outlet for loosening the fuel in front of the entrance of the sowing wrench.
    In this respect, the above object is also achieved in that the mobile hot air oven according to the invention comprises a catch tank with at least one opening for sucking fuel from a fuel storage and a vacuum unit which is connected via a suction line to the catcher. The vacuum unit may include a mammalian pump for generating a negative pressure. The solid fuel separator serves to separate fuel from an air stream. Via a fuel supply from the separator to the combustion chamber, the solid fuel of the combustion chamber can be supplied. Furthermore, a valve between the separator and the fuel supply is expedient for generating a pressure gradient from the fuel supply to the separator.
    In a mobile hot air oven, air, in particular ambient air, is blown through the heat exchanger for cooling the heat exchanger. For this purpose, the mobile includes
    Warm air oven expediently an ambient air inlet, an ambient air outlet, both in the outer casing of the furnace, and a hot air duct from the ambient air inlet through a cold side of the heat exchanger to the ambient air outlet. Conveniently, an ambient air blower or hot air blower for driving ambient air through the cold side of the heat exchanger is present. The ambient air blower, which pushes the ambient air into the housing of the furnace and back out of this, is expediently arranged at a distance to a fan radius from the ambient air inlet. The ambient air duct expediently runs through the heat exchanger and in particular also at least laterally around the combustion chamber in order to cool it as well.
    The ambient air inlet and the ambient air outlet are expediently arranged in opposite sides of a housing of the furnace. In this case, the ambient air inlet and the ambient air outlet can be arranged at least partially at the same height. It is also possible that the ambient air inlet is lower in its geometric center of gravity of the ambient air outlet. In particular, the entire ambient air inlet is lower than the ambient air outlet, so that cold air is sucked in from below and can blow the exhaust air before blowing over / through the particularly hot sections of heat exchanger and in particular combustion chamber.
    In the cold side of the heat exchanger, the injected air is heated by the heat from the hot side of the heat exchanger, which is heated by coming from the combustion chamber flue gas. On a water cooling can be dispensed with in this way, so that the mobile hot air oven can be easily performed.
    The mobility receives the mobile hot air oven in particular by a supporting structure in which the combustion chamber and the heat exchanger are mounted. Further, in or on the supporting structure, a smoke outlet for discharging flue gas or fuel gases, in particular upwards, from the hot air oven available. Further, it is useful if a lifting element for lifting and transporting the supporting structure is present, such as one or more wheels, a suspension or trays for the fork of a forklift. In this way, the mobile hot air oven can be raised, rolled or transported by a forklift or the like in a simple manner. Conveniently, the supporting structure is equipped with wheels for manually moving the furnace. Four wheels or two wheels with a support are advantageous.
    Thus, the hot air oven is designed to be transported by a vehicle to its site, operated there and later operated again at another site. The load-bearing construction expediently comprises a support frame with supports to which side walls are fastened like a box. It is also possible that the carrier are formed by folds of housing-forming wall surfaces.
    The heat exchanger is suitably a gas-gas heat exchanger with a hot side, through which the hot flue gas is guided during operation of the mobile hot air oven, and a cold side through which, for example, ambient air from the environment of the solid fuel burning plant and heated there. Subsequently, the hot air from the furnace into the environment or in an air duct, such as a sheet metal duct or an air hose can be blown.
    The heat exchanger is suitably a plate heat exchanger with vertically or horizontally arranged plates, between which the ambient air is blown. The hot flue gas flows in each case in the plates, in parallel through the plates and / or sequentially through the plates, in particular in an S-shape through one plate after the other.
    Next, a solid fuel burner for burning a biofuel is present, so a non-fossil fuel, such as wood chips or pellets. In addition, the hot air oven conveniently comprises a fuel supply with an automatic feed unit for automatically feeding fuel into the combustion chamber, e.g. on a firing floor. A feed motor of the feed unit can be controlled by a control unit, in particular depending on a combustion parameter, such as the combustion temperature, the exhaust gas temperature and / or the hot air temperature. The control unit is expediently designed to control the combustion operation of the solid fuel firing system, to automatically regulate the combustion and / or to recognize a safety-critical parameter and to initiate an emergency shutdown.
    The combustion chamber is suitably lined with combustion stones, such as firebricks, to allow a high flue gas temperature in the combustion chamber and thus a pollutant-poor combustion. Another advantage is the protection of the combustion chamber outer skin. This can thereby be made of simple sheet metal, e.g. Black plate, be made so that can be dispensed with high heat resistant stainless steel. The firebrick lining can surround the combustion chamber at least laterally. The combustion chamber comprises the combustion floor, which forms an area on which combustion takes place in the combustion chamber during operation of the combustion plant.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the vacuum unit is equipped with a mammalian pump with a brushless drive motor. A brushless drive motor has grown considerably longer than a brush motor. The drive motor is expediently a DC motor. As a result, very high speeds and thus a high pressure or negative pressure can be generated. It is expediently designed as a switched machine, for example as a switched reluctance machine.
    To generate a sufficient pressure, ie a sufficient overpressure and / or a sufficient negative pressure, it is advantageous if the vacuum unit or its mammalian pump has a radial fan with tangential output.
    For reliable conveying of the solid fuel, a large suppression is advantageous. This can be achieved by a high speed of the mammalian pump, but this is associated with a high noise. A noise development can be kept low if the vacuum unit or its mammalian pump has or is a side channel compressor. A side channel compressor comprises a blade impeller which sucks in the air, which in particular flows in an axially centered manner. The air is then forced outward by centrifugal force in the impeller and thereby compressed. The air can flow back in through a side channel and be compressed again between two further blades. This second compression allows much higher differential pressures compared to conventional radial fans.
    Conveniently, the side channel compressor is designed to produce a differential pressure of at least 300 mbar, in particular at least 400 mbar, in particular at an air volume flow of at least 100 m3 per hour, in particular at least 250 m3 per hour.
    In order to achieve an increased air volume flow, it is advantageous if the side channel blower is a double-flow side channel blower. In this design, two parallel-connected pneumatic wheels are installed, each of which compresses in one stage. Of course, it is also possible to use two series-connected impellers instead of the parallel impellers, so that a 2-stage side channel blower is used. This design allows a compression of at least 500 mbar, in particular at least 600 mbar, in particular in the above-mentioned volume flows.
    The air circulation system may have an overpressure region and a negative pressure region, wherein the pressures refer to the ambient pressure, that is, a common air pressure. The negative pressure region expediently comprises an induced draft with a suction line, which may extend from the fuel absorption unit to the vacuum unit, in particular up to a mammalian pump of the vacuum unit.
    At Festbrennstoffabscheider the mammal pump of the vacuum unit is suitably arranged. With this arrangement, a uniform overpressure and underpressure build-up in the overpressure region or negative pressure region can be achieved when the mammalian pump starts up. Strong pressure fluctuations in the solid fuel intake unit and thereby also in a solid fuel storage can be avoided.
    The solid fuel separator separates the fuel from, for example, air circulating in the air circulation system. Particularly advantageous in this case is a cyclone separator, which has a vortex chamber and a centered, upward-directed air outlet for discharging the essential fuel-free air for separation.
    In a Saugförderung of solid fuel, the supply of solid fuel to the combustion chamber or a buffer is usually possible only with a constant and imprecise adjustable volume flow, which is dependent on the vacuum unit and geometric conditions of the induced draft. In order to always be able to supply enough fuel, the vacuum unit and this geometry is made correspondingly large. However, if, for example, in a partial load operation, only little fuel used per time, this can be achieved by turning on and off the mammalian pump, so that the supply takes place at intervals. In such a supply, an intermediate storage is at least partially filled and the level is monitored by a level sensor. If the cached fuel quantity falls below a threshold value, then the mammalian pump is switched on and the fuel flow is restarted. The fuel delivery is interrupted again after a predetermined period of time, for example 10 seconds, by the shutdown of the mammalian pump, or when the amount of fuel in the buffer exceeds an upper threshold. Such an interval operation of the mammal pump saves energy over a constant continuous operation of the mammal pump.
    Depending on the engine and geometry of the mammalian pump, however, it may be advantageous to continuously operate the mammalian pump and to produce delivery stops of the fuel by other means. As a result, slower running motors or fan wheels can be used, so that the noise pollution of the environment can be reduced. The interval operation of the solid fuel delivery is suitably controlled by one or more valves that reduce a negative pressure and / or an overpressure in the air circulation system or block a fuel flow.
    Advantageously, the induced draft has an opening into the environment ventilation opening with a valve. The negative pressure in the induced draft can thereby be reduced and thus the suction effect in the solid fuel intake unit can be reduced or prevented. The fuel transport can be prevented even when the mammal pump is running.
    In the induced draft, the solid fuel separator may be arranged so that the induced draft through this unit extends to the mammalian pump. The solid fuel separator expediently comprises a buffer in which the solid fuel is discharged from the air flow. For emptying the buffer this can at its lower end an opening with a closing mechanism, hereinafter referred to simply as valve, have. When the valve opens, the solid fuel falls down from the buffer.
    The solid fuel separator expediently opens down into a buffer or collecting container for collecting fuel. The collecting container can in this case embrace the separator, so that it is at least partially disposed in the collecting container.
    Advantageously, the Festbrennstoffabscheider opens down in a space afflicted with ambient pressure, so that the negative pressure in the buffer when opening the valve decreases. In this way, also by opening the valve and discharging the solid fuel, the negative pressure in the induced draft can be reduced and, as a result, the fuel flow can be reduced or prevented.
    A further possibility for the arrangement of a ventilation opening of the induced draft consists in the arrangement of the ventilation opening between the mammalian pump and the solid fuel separator. This can prevent that the discharge of the fuel from the buffer is hindered by a strong counter-current suction flow.
    In the arrangement of a ventilation opening only in the induced draft, it may happen at an opening of the ventilation opening, that in the refueling unit and thereby also in an adjacent fuel storage an undesirable overpressure arises. This can either pollute the fuel storage tank or there may be occurrences of fuel dust being blown out of the warehouse resulting in deterioration of the environment. To avoid this, it is advantageous to provide a ventilation opening in the overpressure region, that is to say in a fan pull of the air circulation system. The fan train may range from the mammal pump to the solid fuel intake unit. By opening the valve arranged in the ventilation opening, the air circulation can be interrupted or at least reduced so much that the fuel delivery is reduced or prevented.
    Conveniently, a ventilation opening is provided with a valve both on a suction and on a fan train of the air circulation system. Pressure fluctuations in the solid fuel intake unit can thereby be kept low.
    Depending on the application of Festbrennstoffsaugförderanlage can be connected to this several hot air ovens, for example for drying a large building or for heating a large hall, a large tent or the like. The solid fuel intake unit may include a plurality of inlets for connecting a plurality of air circulation systems to a plurality of hot air ovens. The solid fuel intake unit can thereby supply fuel to a plurality of, for example, mobile warm air ovens. In order not to have to provide a negative pressure unit on each mobile hot air oven in such a constellation, it is advantageous to provide a vacuum unit to the solid fuel intake unit. By means of at least one valve, the suction power of the vacuum unit can be switched to one or more air circulation systems, so that not all suction of all air circulation systems must be acted upon by each of the negative pressure for sucking or conveying the fuel. As a result, the performance of the vacuum unit can be kept lower.
    In a particularly simple embodiment of the invention, the plurality of air circulation systems are performed together by a mammalian pump of the vacuum unit.
    Conveniently, before and after the mammal pump each have a valve for switching the compressor power to exactly one of the air circulation systems available. As a result, the entire performance of the mammalian pump can be limited to the one air circulation system.
    By the mammal pump, a negative pressure in the negative pressure unit is generated. In the case of a malfunction of a component, it may happen that the suppression continues partly up to the combustion chamber, that is to say that flue gases are sucked out of the combustion chamber by the mammalian pump. There is a risk of ignition of the fuel in a fuel supply to the combustion chamber.
    In order to prevent the continuation of the negative pressure even with a malfunction, an opening in a fuel supply between the combustion chamber and the Festbrennstoffabscheider is arranged in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, which is a pressure compensation opening for the fuel supply, in particular the sump. The opening expediently connects the interior of the fuel feed with the environment of the solid fuel firing system or the mobile hot air oven so that air can freely flow through the opening in accordance with the pressure ratios between the interior of the fuel feed and the environment. A reliable pressure compensation can be achieved if the opening is introduced into a housing around the separator or the intermediate container.
    The invention can be used particularly advantageously in a mobile hot-air oven, as described above. In general, however, the invention is applicable instead of a mobile hot air oven on a general solid fuel firing system, so that an air cooling of the heat exchanger is not mandatory, but also a water cooling is possible. Also on a stationary solid fuel burning plant, the invention is advantageously applicable.
    Further, the invention is generally directed to a bulk material suction conveyor, in particular a solid fuel suction conveyor having an air circulation system comprising a bulk material receiving unit, a bulk material separator and a vacuum unit for generating a negative pressure for a pneumatic transport of bulk material through a portion of the air circulation system. The bulk material suction conveyor may have one, some or all of the details previously or subsequently described for the solid fuel suction conveyor. The term solid fuel suction conveyor is here generally summarized as Schüttgutsaugförderanlage. The bulk material suction conveyor is expediently used for conveying agricultural goods, in particular feed such as maize or feed pellets, for example from a feed store to a feeding station for animals. The bulk material suction conveyor - or simplified: solid fuel suction conveyor - can be connected to a mobile hot air oven or, more generally, to a mobile or stationary solid fuel burning system for its supply of solid fuel.
    In addition, the invention is directed to a method for conveying solid fuel from a solid fuel storage to a solid fuel burning plant, in particular to a mobile hot air oven. According to the invention, the solid fuel is taken up in a fixed fuel storage unit arranged on the solid fuel storage unit by a suction generated by a mammalian pump of a vacuum unit, transported by the suction through an induced draft of an air circulation system to a solid fuel separator and deposited there from the air circulation system. As a result, solid fuel can be reliably transported over long distances.
    In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, several hot air ovens are supplied with solid fuel by suction generated by the mammalian pump. Advantageously, the mammalian pump is driven by data from several hot air ovens. This data may be, for example, fill level data of, for example, a cache or other control data.
    Conveniently, the hot air ovens are each equipped with an intermediate storage with a level gauge. In this case, intermediate storage with a lower filling level before intermediate storage facilities with a higher filling level are charged with fuel.
    In order to spare a low-revving or silent mammal pump, it is advantageous if a transport of the solid fuel is interrupted by the air circulation system, while the mammal pump pumps into the air circulation system, ie in this generates an overpressure and / or a negative pressure. An at least largely continuous operation of the mammal pump can be maintained and the mammal pump can be spared thereby.
    One way to interrupt the fuel transport is that an intermediate storage of Brennstoffabscheiders is charged with solid fuel, while the feed remains closed a discharge at the lower end of the intermediate storage, the discharge is opened while the pump is running, thereby air through the discharge in the Induced draft flows in and the suction generated by the mammalian pump is reduced so much that a fuel transport is interrupted by the induced draft. The discharge opening in this case becomes a ventilation opening of the induced draft. Subsequently, the discharge can be closed again, the suction builds up, and a transport begins by the building up suction again.
    Another way to reduce the transport pressure in the air circulation system is that during the loading of an intermediate storage of Brennstoffabscheiders a valve in the overpressure region of the air circulation system is opened, so that generated by the mammal pump compressed air is blown into the environment. Transport is reduced and eventually stops, allowing the mammal pump to continue operating.
    It is also possible to brake a fuel flow through the induced draft by means of a controllable flow resistance. For this purpose, the air circulation system can have a controllable flow resistance, which is activated, for example, by a control unit. The flow resistance may comprise an element which is retracted into the air circulation system, so that a transport cross section is narrowed at this point of the air circulation system. The fuel gets stuck at this point, and a fuel accumulation is formed, which stops fuel transport.
    Conveniently, the control of the flow resistance in dependence on a level of an intermediate storage takes place.
    The present description of advantageous embodiments of the invention contains numerous features that are summarized in several dependent claims summarized in several. However, these features may conveniently be considered individually and summarized into meaningful further combinations, particularly when reclaiming claims so that a single feature of a dependent claim may be combined with a single, several or all features of another dependent claim. In addition, these features can be combined individually and in any suitable combination both with the method according to the invention and with the device according to the invention according to the independent claims. Thus, process features are also objectively formulated as a property of the corresponding device unit and functional device features also as corresponding process features.
    The above-described characteristics, features and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the exemplary embodiments, which are explained in more detail in conjunction with the drawings. The embodiments serve to illustrate the invention and do not limit the invention to the combination of features specified therein, not even with respect to functional features. In addition, suitable features of each embodiment may also be explicitly considered isolated, removed from one embodiment, incorporated into another embodiment to complement it, and / or combined with any of the claims.
    FIG. 1 shows a mobile hot air oven with a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and an ambient air duct through the heat exchanger, FIG. 2 shows the mobile hot air oven in a perspective view with a partially opened outer casing, [0055] FIG Solid fuel suction conveyor of the mobile hot air oven with a
    4 shows the vacuum unit with a partially opened housing, FIG. 5 shows a further vacuum unit with a partially opened housing, and FIG. 6 shows a schematic drawing of a solid fuel intake unit with a vacuum unit connected thereto.
    1 shows a schematic representation of a mobile hot air oven 2, which is prepared for transport to several different locations. The hot air oven 2 comprises a combustion chamber 4 and a heat exchanger 6, which are mounted in a supporting structure 8 with a transport frame. The supporting structure 8 comprises at its lower end lifting elements 10 in the form of insertion openings for inserting the fork of a
    Forklift. Laterally and above the transport frame is formed by folds of the respective side panels or the plant ceiling formed together with the bottom a transport-stable and weatherproof housing 24.
    FIG 1 shows the hot air oven 2 in a highly simplified and schematic manner, with essential elements, which are not essential to the explanation of the invention, has been omitted for clarity. The mobile hot air oven 2 has a nominal power of 50 kW in this embodiment and is fueled with solid fuel, especially wood. For the sake of simplicity, only the use of wood pellets will be referred to below, whereby wood chips or other combustion bulk material is also possible. For this purpose, a non-illustrated fuel storage can be connected to the hot air oven 2 via a fuel supply, through which the solid fuel 12 reaches a conveyor unit 14, which is shown only schematically in FIG. The delivery unit 14 comprises a screw conveyor, through which the fuel - controlled by an electrical control unit - is automatically conveyed into the combustion chamber 4.
    From the combustion of the solid fuel 12 resulting hot flue gases are discharged upward from the combustion chamber 4 and fed through a flue gas supply 16 a hot side of the heat exchanger 6 from above. The flue gas is passed from top to bottom through the hot side of the heat exchanger 6 and reaches a flue gas blower 18. The cooled in the heat exchanger 6 flue gas is blown out of this by a flue gas discharge 20 from the solid fuel burning plant 2.
    To remove the heat of combustion from the flue gas flow, a cooling air flow in an ambient air duct 22 is guided in a countercurrent flow to the flue gas supply 16, so it first meets cooler system parts and then hotter system parts, so that the heated air at the cooler system parts is reheated to the hotter system parts , The cooling air is sucked in as outside air or ambient air by an ambient air blower 26 directly from the environment of the hot air oven 2 and blown into the outer casing 24 of the hot air oven 2. The ambient air blower 26 is arranged in an inlet opening 30 of the outer housing 24. Within the housing 24 so there is an overpressure relative to the environment of the hot air oven second
    The ambient air is blown in an ambient air supply from the inlet port 30 to the cold side of the heat exchanger 6 and heated therein with heat from the hot side. It then flows around the combustion chamber 4 and is further heated there, before it travels in an ambient air discharge the distance from the cold side of the heat exchanger 6 to an outlet opening 28 of the outer housing 24 and this flows through as hot air and is blown into the environment. The heated ambient air blown out of the outlet opening 28 is available with a maximum rated power of 50 kW, for example for building heating, or as process heat, e.g. for building drying, drying agricultural produce or for heating process equipment, e.g. Paint shops. The combustion chamber 4 is cooled by the cooling air flow, so that its outside temperature remains relatively cool and suitable for mobile use.
    If FIG. 1 shows the solid fuel firing plant from one side, with left front and right rear, FIG. 2 shows the solid fuel firing plant 2 obliquely in a perspective view from the other side and from the front. The inlet opening 30, the flue gas discharge 20, the heat exchanger 6, the delivery unit 14 with a delivery motor 32, the combustion chamber 4, the outer housing 24 and the outlet opening 28 can be seen. Also to be seen is the combustion chamber-side part of a fuel interface 34, namely a combustion-chamber-side connecting element for connection to a bearing-side part of a fuel supply 36 to a fuel storage. The fuel interface 34 is part of the fuel supply 36, which extends from a separator 38 (FIG. 4) to the combustion chamber 4 and serves to transport fuel, in particular wood pellets, from the separator 38 to the combustion chamber 4. Below the interface 34, a burn-back fuse 40 is arranged in the form of a rotary valve, which is driven by a lock motor 42. Under the
    Sluice motor 42 is a primary air blower 44 and its engine visible.
    3 shows a Festbrennstoffsaugförderanlage 46, which can be attached to the mobile hot air oven 2, in a perspective view. The solid fuel suction conveyor 46 includes a solid fuel receiving unit 48 and a negative pressure unit 50 connected to the solid fuel receiving unit 48 via a suction line 52 and a pressure line 54. The vacuum unit 50, the suction line 52, the solid fuel receiving unit 48 and the pressure line 54 form an air circulation system in which air is circulated through a mammalian pump 66 (FIG. 4) of the vacuum unit 50.
    The solid fuel receiving unit 48 in this embodiment has six outputs 56, each having a port 58 for the suction line 52 and a port 60 for the pressure line 54. The port for the suction line 52 opens inwardly into a sowing trunk, or more generally: a mammalian port, into which the fuel is sucked in. The port 60 for the pressure line 54 opens inwardly into a compressed air outlet for loosening the fuel.
    On one side, there is a standardized port 62 for a pellet vehicle, through which pellets can be sucked into a truck. At the top, there is an opening 64 through which fuel falls into the solid fuel receiving unit 48. The solid fuel receiving unit 48 is prepared to be located below or at the bottom of a fuel storage. Fuel from the fuel storage falls into the opening 64 and can be sucked out of the solid fuel receiving unit 48. Alternatively, it is possible to dispense with a container-type solid fuel receiving unit 48 and to use the inputs and outputs of the pressure line 54 and suction line 52.
    For this purpose, the vacuum unit 50 is equipped with the mammalian pump 66, which can be seen in FIG. FIG. 4 shows the vacuum unit 50 with the housing 68 partly removed. The mammal pump 66 is a suction turbine with a brushless DC motor and a tangential output radial fan. The mammalian pump 66 is disposed immediately above a solid fuel separator 72 in the form of a cyclone separator, although another arrangement in the induced draft is possible and advantageous. The mammalian pump 66 includes a pressure port 70 in the pressure line 54 and a downwardly directed into the separator 72 mammal opening. The mammalian opening is surrounded by a filter 78 that keeps out fuel chunks, such as pellets, and allows dust to pass through.
    The solid fuel separator 72 is shown in FIG. 4 with the housing 74 open to the front, so that the view into the interior of the separator 72 becomes clear. The separator 72 has a suction opening 76 with a suction port for connection to the suction line 52. At its lower end, the separator 72 is provided with a valve 80 having a flap for closing a discharge opening or ventilation opening. The valve 80 has a closure lid 82 for sealing the separator 72. Between the housing 84 and the closure lid 82 is disposed a seal, downwardly and a movement mechanism 84 for opening and closing the closure lid 82. On a lever of the movement mechanism 84 is a weight 86th attached, which presses the closure cover 82 in the direction of a closed position with its own weight. In equilibrium position, the cap is open about 10 mm. A sensor 88 in the form of a proximity sensor senses the proximity of the housing 74 and detects whether the closure lid 82 is open or closed.
    The housing 68 around the separator 72 and down to a bearing-side connecting element 90 of the fuel interface 34 is the bearing-side part of the fuel supply 36. The bearing-side connecting element 90 is in fitting with the combustion chamber-side connecting element 92 of the combustion chamber-side fuel supply 36, so that both connecting elements 90, 92 are gastight inserted into each other.
    During operation of the solid fuel combustion system 2, the mammalian pump 66 is controlled by a control unit 94 shown only schematically in Figure 1, which also controls all other electrical units of the hot air oven 2 and the sensors of the hot air oven 2 reads and uses their signals for control. However, the mammalian pump 66, 110 may also be controlled by its own control unit 95. In cases where only one of the control unit or both take over a control function in connection, the reference numerals 94, 95 are called together.
    The mammalian pump 66 creates a vacuum in the separator 72, which continues through the suction line 52 in the solid fuel receiving unit 48. Through this, solid fuel is sucked from the fuel storage above the solid fuel intake unit 48 through the suction pipe 52 and the suction port 76 into the cyclone separator 72. The separator 72 separates fuel and suction air and the fuel falls down the separator 72 onto the valve 80. The suction air is compressed and blown via the pressure line 54 into the solid fuel receiving unit 48 where it loosens up the fuel from below, making it easier to move sucked in at the top.
    By the depression in the separator 72, the closure lid 82 is tightened and closes the lower end of the separator 72. After a predetermined operating time of the mammalian pump 66, e.g. 10 seconds, stops the control unit 94, 95, the mammalian pump 66, the suppression in the separator 72 breaks down, the closure lid 82 opens, the fuel falls through the discharge and enters the fuel supply 36. When the fuel supply 36 empty, he falls down to the Reflux protection 40. The space between the burn back 40 and the separator 72 serves as a buffer 98, which is partially filled from the cyclone separator 72 from above. The level or a switching level in the buffer memory 98 is detected by a level sensor 96. If the switching level is undershot, the level sensor 96 sends a signal to the control unit 94, 95, which starts the mammalian pump 66. Due to the resulting negative pressure in the separator 72 closes the cap 82 and the delivery process begins from the front until the level sensor 96 "full" reports.
    During operation of the mammalian pump 66, the closure cap 82 may not be fully closed due to a defect or jamming fuel particle. Then air is sucked on the fuel supply 36 into the separator 72 and the negative pressure from the separator 72 is partially continued in the fuel supply 36. In order to avoid that the suppression pulls flue gases from the combustion chamber 4 in the fuel supply 36, the fuel supply 36 is provided with an opening 100 in the vicinity of the hot air oven 2. By this pressure equalization opening 100 prevails in the fuel supply 36 to the separator 72 is always substantially ambient pressure.
    5 shows another Festfuelstoffaugförderanlage 102, which is designed in an analogous manner for connection to the mobile hot air oven 2, as the solid fuel suction conveyor 46, or may form part of the mobile hot air oven 2. The following description is essentially limited to the differences from the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, to which reference is made to the features and functions that remain the same. In order not to have to carry out several times already described, all features of the preceding embodiment are taken over without being described again, unless features are described as differences from the previous embodiment.
    The solid fuel suction conveyor 102 includes the same solid fuel receiving unit 48, which is shown partially open in FIG. 5, however, with the upper part and a side part of the housing missing so that a view into the interior of the solid fuel receiving unit 48 is released. Above the solid fuel intake unit 48, a solid fuel reservoir 104 is indicated by dashed lines, which may belong to the solid fuel suction conveyor 102, however, need not, and can be arranged at the opening 64 in a simple manner.
    It can be seen that the lower port 60 open from the pressure line 54 into the interior of the solid fuel receiving unit 48. In addition, the connection 58 of the suction line 52, which carries a small baffle plate 108 (FIG. 6) at its inner outlet, opens out.
    During operation, the solid fuel, such as pellets, from the solid fuel reservoir 104 falls down through the opening 64 into the interior space of the solid fuel receiving unit 48. In this space, the compressed air from the mammal pump 66 and the mammalian pump 110, respectively, blows and loosens the upstream one Solid fuel on. Due to the negative pressure generated in the suction line 52 by the mammalian pump 66, 110, the solid fuel which has been loosened up is sucked upwards and sucked into the suction line 52. The baffle plate 108 ensures that the sucked air flows from below into the port 58 and not from above around the edges of the terminal 58th
    As in the previous embodiment, the solid fuel is drawn through the suction line 52 into the fuel separator 72 and reaches it through the mammal opening 76. The solid fuel gyrates in the cyclone separator 72, as indicated by the spiral, solid arrow in FIG. The suction air flowing from the mammal opening 76 into the separator 72 leaves the separator 72 upwards, as indicated by the dashed arrow in FIG. It passes through the filter 78 and reaches the port of the mammalian pump 66, 110. From this it is blown back through the pressure port 70 back to the solid fuel receiving unit 48, creating an air circuit.
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the mammalian pump 110 is a double-flow side channel compressor. This runs much slower than the 45,000 rev / min rotating fan of the mammal pump 66. By the side channel compression of the side channel compressor 110 generates even at a significantly lower rotation of the radial fan the same pressure in the pressure line 54 and the same negative pressure in the suction line 52, as the mammal pump 66, namely 500 mbar at an air flow rate of 250 m3 per hour.
    Also, the side channel compressor 110 can be operated with the above-described interval mode, that is switched on and off in the interval. A long life of the mammalian pump 110, however, it is beneficial if it runs in continuous operation. For this purpose, various operating methods are possible, which are equally feasible with two mammalian pumps 66, 110.
    A start of a fuel transport can be triggered by a signal of the level sensor 96. The fuel within the buffer 98 has thus fallen below the threshold value of the level sensor 96. As described above, solid fuel is fed from the solid fuel receiving unit 48 into the separator 72. The valve 80 is thereby closed, so that the negative pressure in the induced draft, which extends from the mammal pump 110 to the solid fuel receiving unit 48, is maintained.
    After a fixed delivery time of, for example, 10 seconds, the valve 80 is opened as the mammal pump 110 continues to run. For this purpose, the movement mechanism 84 includes a valve motor 112, which is also controlled by the control unit 94, 95. This opens the closure lid 82 of the valve 80 against the negative pressure prevailing in the separator 72 with respect to the environment of the hot air oven 2 and the solid fuel suction conveyor 46, 102. The closed by the closure cover 82 until then ventilation opening 114 is opened. From below, ambient air, also through the opening 100, flows into the separator 72 and the negative pressure in the suction line 52 largely collapses. As a result, the fuel delivery is stopped, wherein the fuel located in the separator 72 drops down.
    The valve 80 now remains open until fuel is to be conveyed again, for example, to a signal from the level sensor 96. During the open valve 80, the mammal pump 110 continues to rotate at the same speed, so that the speed is operated evenly over promotion breaks away. Alternatively, it is possible to control the speed lower during the pauses of purging than during the pacing periods, with the mammalian pump 110 also rotating, albeit slower, during the pauses in purging.
    In order to facilitate the opening of the valve 80 against the depression and to reduce an air flow from below against the direction of fall of the fuel, it is possible, instead of or in addition to the vent 114 one or more other or more opening into the environment vent 116th To open 118.
    One possibility of the arrangement of a ventilation opening 116 is between the mammalian pump 66, 110 and the separator 72. FIG. 5 shows the ventilation opening 116 with an indicated valve, which is actuated or actuated by the control unit 94, 95. If the fuel delivery is interrupted, the valve and thus the vent opening 116 opens, so that the negative pressure in the separator 72 and thus also in the entire induced draft to the solid fuel intake unit 48 largely collapses, which can be understood by a reduction of the negative pressure by at least 70 percent. The valve motor 112 may be designed to be less powerful and the fuel will more easily fall down through the opening 114 into the latch 98.
    When the ventilation opening 116 and the running mammalian pump 66, 110 are open, air is unimpededly blown through the pressure line 54 into the solid fuel intake unit 48, so that an overpressure can arise there. If this is not desired, alternatively or additionally, the ventilation opening 118 can be opened by the valve indicated in FIG. 5 under control of the control unit 94, 95. The overpressure is blown off, so that no excess pressure is produced in the solid fuel intake unit 48 and the fuel reservoir 104. If both ventilation openings 116, 118 are opened in order to achieve a transport stop, the transport can be prevented particularly reliably, the pressure conditions in the solid fuel intake unit 48 and in the fuel reservoir 104 kept balanced and the valve 80 easily opened.
    FIG. 6 shows an alternative arrangement of the mammalian pump 66, 110 on the solid fuel intake unit 48. As can be seen from FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, six hot air ovens 2 can be connected to the receiving unit 48. Accordingly, six outputs 56 are present. This is indicated in FIG. 6 by two connections 58 and two connections 60, which can be interpreted as respectively six connections 58, 60.
    The mammal pump 66, 110 arranged on the receiving unit 48 is connected to the solid fuel intake unit 48 via a valve 120 on the pressure side. Via the valve 120 can be controlled, which of the terminals 60 is supplied with compressed air. In the position of the valve 120 shown in FIG 6, the left pressure line 54 is supplied with compressed air, whereas the right pressure line is depressurized. Accordingly, in the left suction line 52 is negative pressure, whereas the right suction line 52 is negative pressure. The air is circulated in the circuit, as indicated by the dashed arrows in FIG. In order to be able to switch the suction sides of the several air circulation systems, a further valve 122 is provided on the suction side of the mammal pump 66, 110. As a result, the suction lines of the air circulation systems can be connected to the mammalian pump 66, 110 or disconnected therefrom.
    In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the fuel from the receiving unit 48 can be conveyed to a plurality of hot air ovens 2 via a mammalian pump 66, 110. Here, the Festbrennstoffsaugförderanlage 124 shown in FIG 6 may also be part of a mobile hot air oven 2. In order to control the valves 120, 122, a control unit 126 is present in this exemplary embodiment, which is connected by signal technology to a respective sensor 96 which senses the fuel level in the respective buffer 98, as described above.
    Since in each case only one air circuit is actively switchable, the control unit 126, depending on the signals of the level sensors 96, an air circulation system and covers it with overpressure and / or negative pressure, so that solid fuel is conveyed through the air circulation system to the respective hot air oven 2. If the hot air oven 2 in question has been sufficiently charged, the control unit 126 switches the valves 120, 122 so that another air circulation system is activated and the previously active one is deactivated. Of course, it is also possible to activate two or more Luftkreislaufsyste me at the same time instead of only one air circulation system and to be able to feed the connected hot air ovens with fuel. For this purpose, the valves 120, 122 must be provided correspondingly with multiple outputs.
    A feed interruption may occur through the vent openings 114, 116, 118 as described above. It is also possible that a ventilation opening between the mammalian pump 66, 110 and the downstream and / or upstream valve 120 or 122 is opened. The overpressure can be blown off or the suppression be sufficiently reduced, so that when continuing to pump the mammal pump 66, 110, the promotion is completely stopped.
    An alternative method for conveying control is also shown in FIG. A flow resistance 128 is installed in the air circuit, more precisely in the induced draft. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the flow resistance 128 comprises a movable element 130, which can be moved into the induced draft by an actuator 132 and moved out of it. The actuator 132 is driven by the control unit 94, 95.
    When the element 130 is moved into the induced draft, fuel clusters are formed by the cross-sectional constriction, so that the transport of the solid fuel on the element 130 comes to a standstill. When the element 130 is moved out of the cross section of the induced draft by the actuator 132, the cluster dissolves and the fuel flows again in the direction of the separator 72. Moving the flow resistance 128 into and out of the cross section can be done in a manner analogous to that of FIG. and switching on the fuel delivery as described above.
    REFERENCE LIST 2 Hot air oven 4 Combustion chamber 6 Heat exchanger 14 Feed unit 16 Flue gas supply 18 Flue gas blower 20 Flue gas removal 22 Ambient air duct 24 Housing 26 Ambient air blower 28 Outlet opening 30 Inlet opening 32 Conveyor motor 34 Fuel interface 36 Fuel feed 38 Separator 40 Back fire guard 42 Sluice engine 44 Primary air blower 46 Solid fuel suction conveyor 48 Solid fuel intake unit 50 Vacuum unit 52 Suction line 54 Pressure line 56 Exit 58 Connection 60 Connection 62 Connection 64 Opening 66 Suction pump 68 Housing 70 Pressure connection 72 Separator 74 Housing 76 Suction opening 78 Filter 80 Valve 82 Sealing cover 84 Movement mechanism 86 Weight 88 Sensor 90 Connection element 92 Connection element 94 Control unit 96 Level sensor 98 Intermediate memory 100 Opening 102 Solid fuel suction conveyor 104 Solid fuel storage 108 Baffle plate 110 Suction pump 112 Valve motor 114 Ventilation opening 116 Ventilation opening 118 Ventilation opening 120 Valve 122 Valve 124 Solid fuel suction conveyor 126 Control unit 128 Flow resistance 130 Element 132 Actuator
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    claims
    A portable hot air oven (2) comprising a combustor (4), a heat exchanger (6) and a solid fuel suction conveyor (46, 124) having an air circulation system comprising a solid fuel receiving unit (48), a solid fuel separator (72) and a negative pressure unit (50) for generating a negative pressure for a pneumatic transport of solid fuel (12) through a part of the air circulation system.
    [2]
    2. A mobile hot air oven (2) according to claim 1, characterized by an ambient air inlet (30), an ambient air outlet (28) and a hot air duct (22) from the ambient air inlet (30) through a cold side of the heat exchanger (6) to the ambient air outlet (28) and an ambient air blower (26) for driving ambient air through the cold side of the heat exchanger (6).
    [3]
    3. A mobile hot air oven (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a supporting structure (8) in which the combustion chamber (4) and the heat exchanger (6) are mounted, and a lifting element (10) for lifting and transporting the supporting structure (8).
    [4]
    4. A mobile warm air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum unit (50) comprises a mammalian pump (66, 110) with a brushless DC motor.
    [5]
    5. A mobile hot air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum unit (50) comprises a radial fan with tangential output.
    [6]
    6. A mobile hot air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum unit (50) has a side channel compressor.
    [7]
    7. A mobile hot air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the negative pressure unit (50) comprises a mammalian pump (66, 110) which is arranged on Festbrennstoffabscheider (72).
    [8]
    8. A mobile hot air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid fuel separator (72) is a cyclone separator.
    [9]
    9. A mobile warm air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air circulation system from the vacuum unit (50) to the solid fuel receiving unit (48) reaching the induced draft, which opens an opening into the environment ventilation opening (114, 116) with a Valve (80).
    [10]
    10. A mobile hot air oven (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that the ventilation opening (114) is a lower discharge opening of the Festbrennstoffabscheiders (72).
    [11]
    11. A mobile warm air oven (2) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the ventilation opening (116) between a mammal pump of the vacuum unit (50) and the solid fuel separator (72) is arranged.
    [12]
    12. A mobile warm air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air circulation system comprises a from the vacuum unit (50) to the solid fuel receiving unit (48) reaching fan train having an opening into the environment ventilation opening (118) with a valve ,
    [13]
    A mobile warm air oven (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid fuel receiving unit (48) has a plurality of inlets (58, 60) for connecting a plurality of air circulation systems and the vacuum unit (50) is disposed on the solid fuel receiving unit (48).
    [14]
    14. A mobile warm air oven (2) according to claim 13, characterized in that the plurality of air circulation systems are guided together by a mammalian pump (66, 110) of the vacuum unit (50).
    [15]
    15. A mobile warm air oven (2) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that before and after a mammal pump (66, 110) of the vacuum unit (50) each have a valve (120) for switching the compressor power to one of the air circulation systems. For this 3 sheets of drawings
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3009762B1|2018-03-14|
    DE202015102920U1|2016-01-18|
    EP3009762A1|2016-04-20|
    DE202014008158U1|2014-10-30|
    引用文献:
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    DE102011119533A1|2011-11-26|2013-05-29|Hans-Peter Neupert|Linear fuel conveyor diverter for flowable solid fuels, particularly pellets and wood chips, has linearly displaceable upper part consisting of central material suction line, alternative suction line, central return air duct|
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    AT12584U1|2011-03-08|2012-08-15|Lasco Heutechnik Gmbh|HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A MOBILE SOLID FUEL HEATING SYSTEM|EP3163162B1|2015-10-30|2020-07-15|LASCO Heutechnik GmbH|Mobile radiant heater|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE202014008158.1U|DE202014008158U1|2014-10-15|2014-10-15|Mobilie solid fuel firing system|
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